Single-Laboratory Validation of UHPLC-MS/MS Assays for Red Clover Isoflavones in Human Serum and Dietary Supplements

Abstract

Abstract Background Extracts of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) containing estrogenic and pro-estrogenic isoflavones are used in dietary supplements primarily for the management of menopausal symptoms in women. Objective A UHPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of the six major red clover isoflavones in dietary supplements and in human serum in support of clinical trials. Methods Enzymatic deconjugation of isoflavone glucuronides and sulfate conjugates in human serum specimens was carried out followed by protein precipitation. Isoflavones in red clover dietary supplements were acid hydrolyzed to release aglycons from glycosides. UHPLC separations (< 4 min) were combined with MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation, selective reaction monitoring and deuterated internal standards to measure biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, genistein, irilone, and prunetin. Results The method was validated with respect to selectivity, specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The calibration curves for all analytes were linear (R2 > 0.998). The mean recovery for low-, medium- and high-quality control standards ranged between 80% and 108%. The precision of the method was assessed using coefficients of variation, which were <15%. Conclusions The UHPLC-MS/MS method is fast, precise, sensitive, selective, accurate, and applicable to the quantitative analysis of red clover isoflavones in different matrices. Highlights This validated UHPLC-MS/MS assay is applicable to the rapid quantitative analysis of red clover isoflavones in human serum and in dietary supplements.