High Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food is Associated with Incident Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Study of Older Adults

Author:

Donat-Vargas Carolina123ORCID,Sandoval-Insausti Helena24,Rey-García Jimena25,Moreno-Franco Belén678,Åkesson Agneta3ORCID,Banegas Jose Ramón2,Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando12ORCID,Guallar-Castillón Pilar12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain

2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

3. Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

4. Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

5. Internal Medicine Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

6. IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

7. Biomedical Research Center Network for Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

8. Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health of the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risks. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and incident dyslipidemia in older adults, where evidence is limited. Methods We studied a prospective cohort of 1082 community-dwelling adults in Spain, older than 60 (mean age, 68 ± 6 years old). Participants (52% were women) were recruited between 2008–10 and followed up to 2015. At baseline, food intake data were collected using a validated computerized face-to-face dietary history. UPFs were identified according to the nature and extent of their industrial processing (NOVA classification). Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were measured in fasting plasma samples collected at baseline and at follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression adjusted for the main potential confounders. Results Among those free of corresponding dyslipidemia at baseline, and after a follow-up of between 5 to 7 years, 60 (out of 895) developed incident hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), 112 (out of 878) had low HDL cholesterol (<40 in men/<50 mg/dL in women), and 54 (out of 472) had high LDL cholesterol (>129 mg/dL). The mean percentage of UPF consumption was 19% ± 11% of total energy intake. Those in the highest versus the lowest tertile of energy intake from UPFs had more than twice the odds of incident hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.66; 95% CI: 1.20–5.90; P-trend, 0.011) or low HDL cholesterol (OR, 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22–4.05; P-trend, 0.012). UPF consumption was not associated with high LDL cholesterol plasma concentrations. Conclusions Although UPF consumption in Spain was low among older adults, high consumption of UPFs was clearly associated with incident dyslipidemia. The increase in CVD risk recently found to be associated with UPF consumption might be mediated by these atherogenic lipid abnormalities.

Funder

Fondo de Investigación en Salud

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional

Fondo Social Europeo

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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