miR-146a-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-142-3p as Potential Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Young Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction—Added Value over Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Indices

Abstract

Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite continuous advances in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic methods. Myocardial work (MW) indices and miRNAs have both emerged as potential prognostic markers in acute coronary syndromes in recent years. In this study we aim to assess the prognostic role of myocardial work indices and of a group of miRNAs in young patients with STEMI. We enrolled 50 young patients (<55 years) with STEMI who underwent primary PCI and 10 healthy age-matched controls. We performed standard 2D and 3D echocardiography; we also calculated left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and the derived myocardial work indices. Using RT-PCR we determined the plasmatic levels of six miRNAs: miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-486-5p and miR-155-5p. We assessed the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at up to one year after STEMI. Out of 50 patients, 18% experienced MACE at the one-year follow-up. In a Cox univariate logistic regression analysis, myocardial work indices were all significantly associated with MACE. The ROC analysis showed that GWI, GCW and GWE as a group have a better predictive value for MACE than each separately (AUC 0.951, p = 0.000). Patients with higher miRNAs values at baseline (miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p and miR-146a-5p) appear to have a higher probability of developing adverse events at 12 months of follow-up. ROC curves outlined for each variable confirmed their good predictive value (AUC = 0.832, p = 0.002 for miR-223-3p; AUC = 0.732, p = 0.031 for miR-142-3p and AUC = 0.848, p = 0.001 for miR-146a-5p); the group of three miRNAs also proved to have a better predictive value for MACE together than separately (AUC = 0.862). Moreover, adding each of the miRNAs (miR-233, miR-142-3p and miR-146a-5p) or all together over the myocardial work indices in the regression models improved their prognostic value. In conclusion, both myocardial work indices (GWI, GCW and GWE) and three miRNAs (miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p and miR-146a-5p) have the potential to be used as prognostic markers for adverse events after acute myocardial infarction. The combination of miRNAs and MW indices (measured at baseline) rather than each separately has very good predictive value for MACE in young STEMI patients (C-statistic 0.977).