Deoxynivalenol: An Overview on Occurrence, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Health Effects and Its Detection, Management, and Control Strategies in Food and Feed

Author:

Kamle MadhuORCID,Mahato Dipendra KumarORCID,Gupta AkanshaORCID,Pandhi Shikha,Sharma Bharti,Dhawan Kajal,Vasundhara ,Mishra SadhnaORCID,Kumar ManojORCID,Tripathi Abhishek Dutt,Rasane PrasadORCID,Selvakumar RamanORCID,Kumar Arvind,Gamlath ShiraniORCID,Kumar PradeepORCID

Abstract

Mycotoxins are fungi-produced secondary metabolites that can contaminate many foods eaten by humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is formed by Fusarium, is one of the most common occurring predominantly in cereal grains and thus poses a significant health risk. When DON is ingested, it can cause both acute and chronic toxicity. Acute signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, increased salivation, vomiting, and malaise. The most common effects of chronic DON exposure include changes in dietary efficacy, weight loss, and anorexia. This review provides a succinct overview of various sources, biosynthetic mechanisms, and genes governing DON production, along with its consequences on human and animal health. It also covers the effect of environmental factors on its production with potential detection, management, and control strategies.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Microbiology (medical),Molecular Biology,Microbiology

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