Variability in Physicochemical Parameters and Its Impact on Microbiological Quality and Occurrence of Foodborne Pathogens in Artisanal Italian Organic Salami

Abstract

Artisanal salami is produced in small-scale production plants, where the lack of full automation might result in higher variability in food intrinsic properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-batch variability in physicochemical parameters and its impact on microbial quality and occurrence of foodborne pathogens on 480 samples collected from six batches of an artisanal Italian production of organic salami. Relatively high total bacterial counts (TBC) were found on the surface of the table in the stuffing room (4.29 ± 0.40 log cfu/cm2). High loads of Enterobacteriaceae in the meat mixture of batch 2 and TBC in batch 5 were associated with a higher occurrence of bacterial pathogens. During ripening, water activity (aw) and pH failed to reach values lower than 0.86 and 5.3, respectively. Six Staphylococcus aureus and four Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from the salami meat mixture during ripening and the processing environment. A total of 126 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were characterized at a species level, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii isolated from the final products. Results suggest the relevance of first steps of production in terms of the hygiene of raw materials and handling during stuffing procedures, especially when the physicochemical parameters of the final products do not reach values that represent hurdles for foodborne pathogens.