Global Patterns of Prostate Cancer Incidence, Aggressiveness, and Mortality in Men of African Descent

Author:

Rebbeck Timothy R.12,Devesa Susan S.3,Chang Bao-Li1,Bunker Clareann H.45,Cheng Iona67,Cooney Kathleen8,Eeles Rosalind9,Fernandez Pedro10,Giri Veda N.11,Gueye Serigne M.12,Haiman Christopher A.13,Henderson Brian E.13,Heyns Chris F.10,Hu Jennifer J.14,Ingles Sue Ann13,Isaacs William15,Jalloh Mohamed12,John Esther M.67,Kibel Adam S.16,Kidd LaCreis R.17,Layne Penelope18,Leach Robin J.19,Neslund-Dudas Christine20,Okobia Michael N.421,Ostrander Elaine A.22,Park Jong Y.23,Patrick Alan L.5,Phelan Catherine M.23,Ragin Camille11,Roberts Robin A.24,Rybicki Benjamin A.20,Stanford Janet L.25,Strom Sara26,Thompson Ian M.19,Witte John27,Xu Jianfeng28,Yeboah Edward29,Hsing Ann W.3,Zeigler-Johnson Charnita M.12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 217 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

2. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

3. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

5. Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago

6. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA

7. Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

8. Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

9. The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK

10. Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa

11. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA

12. Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

13. Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

14. School of Medicine and Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33442, USA

15. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA

16. Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02138, USA

17. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA

18. Guyana Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health, Queenstown, Guyana

19. Department of Urology and the Cancer, Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA

20. Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA

21. School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

22. National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

23. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Equal Health, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA

24. School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas

25. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA

26. Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA

27. Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA

28. Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA

29. Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

Abstract

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the leading cancer among men of African descent in the USA, Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The estimated number of CaP deaths in SSA during 2008 was more than five times that among African Americans and is expected to double in Africa by 2030. We summarize publicly available CaP data and collected data from the men of African descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Consortium and the African Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) to evaluate CaP incidence and mortality in men of African descent worldwide. CaP incidence and mortality are highest in men of African descent in the USA and the Caribbean. Tumor stage and grade were highest in SSA. We report a higher proportion of T1 stage prostate tumors in countries with greater percent gross domestic product spent on health care and physicians per 100,000 persons. We also observed that regions with a higher proportion of advanced tumors reported lower mortality rates. This finding suggests that CaP is underdiagnosed and/or underreported in SSA men. Nonetheless, CaP incidence and mortality represent a significant public health problem in men of African descent around the world.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cancer Research,Urology,Oncology

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