Affiliation:
1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2. Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Abstract
Recently, manipulation of gene expression and switching genes on or off highlight the potential
of nucleic acid-based therapies (NA-BTs). Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common devastating
neurodegenerative disease (NDs) responsible for 60-80% of all cases of dementia and predicted as a
main public health concern among aged populations. The aim of this study was to outline the current
research in the field of NA-BTs for the treatment of AD disabilities, including strategies to suppress
the memory and learning defects, to promote recovery processes, and to reinforce social relationships
in these patients. This review was performed via evaluating PubMed reported studies from January
2010 to November 2019. Also, reference lists were checked to find additional studies. All intermediation
or complementarity of animal models, case-control and cohort studies, and controlled trials (CTs)
on specific NA-BTs to AD were acceptable, although in vitro studies were excluded due to the considerable
diversities and heterogeneities. After removing the duplicates according to preferred reporting
items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) instruction, we merged remaining titles
across search databases. There are 48 ongoing studies related to the application of nucleic acids in the
treatment and diagnosis of AD where more consideration is given to DNA targeting strategies (18 targets
for vectors and aptamers), antisense oligonucleotides (10 targets), micro-RNAs mimics (7 targets),
antagomiRs (6 targets), small interferences-RNAs (5 targets), as well as mRNAs (2 targets) respectively.
All of these targets are grouped into 4 categories according to their role in molecular pathways
where amyloid-β (18 targets), neural survival (11 targets), memory and cognition (8 targets), and tau (3
targets) are more targeted pathways, respectively. With recent successes in the systemic delivery of
nucleic acids via intravenous injection; it is worth investing in the production of new-generation medicines.
There are still several challenges for NA-BTs including, their delivery to the effective modulators,
mass production at low cost, sustaining efficacy and minimizing off‐target effects. Regarding
miRNA-based therapies, given the obvious involvement of miRNAs in numerous facets of brain disease,
and the many sophisticated techniques for delivery to the brain, miRNA-based therapies will
make new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases such as AD.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,General Medicine
Cited by
15 articles.
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