Author:
Mandal Abhijit,Giri Sarbani
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are RNAs that do not code for proteins and were thus earlier known as Junk RNAs. Recently, LncRNAs have emerged as critical regulators in the expression of coding genes and various important biological signaling pathways, thus controlling crucial biological and developmental processes. Reports of LncRNAs association with several diseases including cancer have also been implicated. LncRNAs play a crucial diverse role in regulating cancer pathways, thus influencing tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. They can function both as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, modulating key signaling pathways and cellular processes. Mutation or epigenetic-induced aberrant expression of LncRNAs dysregulates different essential biological pathways, leading to malignant phenotype and cancer hallmarks in different types of cancer. Tumor cells secrete specific endogenous LncRNAs into biological fluids depending on the cancer type, giving rise to stable circulating LncRNAs, thus proving to be of great potential as non-invasive or minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers. In this chapter, we explore the multifaceted roles of LncRNAs in various cancer types, highlighting their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss innovative strategies for targeting LncRNAs in cancer treatment, including RNA interference and CRISPR technology. This chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of LncRNAs’ implications in cancer research and personalized medicine.