Prevalence of suicidality and associated factors of suicide risk in a representative community sample of families in three East African refugee camps

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To assess the prevalence of suicidality and associated factors of suicide risk in a sample of Burundian refugee families living in three refugee camps in Tanzania. Methods Children (n = 230) and their parents (n = 460) were randomly selected and interviewed about suicidality (suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts) and a range of sociodemographic, psychological, and environmental factors. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with children and parents’ lower and moderate or high current suicide risk. Results Past-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 11.3%, 0.9% and 0.9%, respectively, among children; 37.4%, 7.4% and 5.2%, respectively, among mothers; and 29.6%, 4.8% and 1.7%, respectively, among fathers. Older age in years (aORlower = 2.20, 95% CI 1.38–3.51; aORmoderate/high = 3.03, 95% CI 1.15–7.99) and higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (aORlower = 1.64, 95% CI 1.05–2.57; aORmoderate/high = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.02–5.16), internalizing (aORmoderate/high = 2.88, 95% CI 1.33–6.26) and externalizing problems (aORlower = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.06–2.31; aORmoderate/high = 3.03, 95% CI 1.42–6.49) were significantly positively associated with children’s current suicide risk. For mothers, higher perceived instrumental social support (aORmoderate/high = 0.05, 95% CI < 0.01–0.58) was significantly negatively related to suicide risk, whereas exposure to community violence (aORlower = 1.97, 95% CI 1.30–2.99; aORmoderate/high = 1.59, 95% CI 1.00–2.52), living in larger households (aORlower = 1.74, 95% CI 1.17–2.57), and higher psychological distress (aORmoderate/high = 1.67, 95% CI 1.05–2.67) were significantly positively associated with suicide risk. For fathers, higher perceived instrumental social support (aORmoderate/high = 0.04, 95% CI < 0.01–0.44) and having more years of formal education (aORmoderate/high = 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.98) were significantly negatively and exposure to war-related trauma (aORmoderate/high = 1.81, 95% CI 1.03–3.19) was significantly positively associated with suicide risk. Conclusion Prevention programs should target psychopathology, community violence and social support to mitigate children and parents’ current suicide risk.