Overexpression of a BAHD Acyltransferase, OsAt10, Alters Rice Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamic Acid Content and Saccharification

Author:

Bartley Laura E.123,Peck Matthew L.1,Kim Sung-Ryul4,Ebert Berit35,Manisseri Chithra3,Chiniquy Dawn M.23,Sykes Robert6,Gao Lingfang1,Rautengarten Carsten235,Vega-Sánchez Miguel E.235,Benke Peter I.1,Canlas Patrick E.2,Cao Peijian237,Brewer Susan2,Lin Fan1,Smith Whitney L.1,Zhang Xiaohan1,Keasling Jay D.358,Jentoff Rolf E.1,Foster Steven B.1,Zhou Jizhong1,Ziebell Angela6,An Gynheung4,Scheller Henrik V.35,Ronald Pamela C.2345

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology (L.E.B., M.L.P., L.G., F.L., J.Z.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (W.L.S., S.B.F.), and Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering (X.Z., R.E.J.), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019

2. Department of Plant Pathology and The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (L.E.B., D.M.C., M.E.V.-S., P.E.C., P.C., S.B., P.C.R.)

3. Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 (L.E.B., B.E., C.M., D.M.C., C.R., M.E.V.-S., P.I.B., P.C., J.D.K., H.V.S., P.C.R.)

4. Crop Biotech Institute and Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446–701, Republic of Korea (S.-R.K., G.A., P.C.R.)

5. Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.E., C.R., M.E.V.-S., P.I.B., J.D.K., H.V.S., P.C.R.)

6. BioEnergy Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 (R.S., A.Z.)

7. China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China (P.C.); and

8. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (J.D.K.)

Abstract

Abstract Grass cell wall properties influence food, feed, and biofuel feedstock usage efficiency. The glucuronoarabinoxylan of grass cell walls is esterified with the phenylpropanoid-derived hydroxycinnamic acids ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (p-CA). Feruloyl esters undergo oxidative coupling with neighboring phenylpropanoids on glucuronoarabinoxylan and lignin. Examination of rice (Oryza sativa) mutants in a grass-expanded and -diverged clade of BAHD acyl-coenzyme A-utilizing transferases identified four mutants with altered cell wall FA or p-CA contents. Here, we report on the effects of overexpressing one of these genes, OsAt10 (LOC_Os06g39390), in rice. An activation-tagged line, OsAT10-D1, shows a 60% reduction in matrix polysaccharide-bound FA and an approximately 300% increase in p-CA in young leaf tissue but no discernible phenotypic alterations in vegetative development, lignin content, or lignin composition. Two additional independent OsAt10 overexpression lines show similar changes in FA and p-CA content. Cell wall fractionation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments isolate the cell wall alterations in the mutant to ester conjugates of a five-carbon sugar with p-CA and FA. These results suggest that OsAT10 is a p-coumaroyl coenzyme A transferase involved in glucuronoarabinoxylan modification. Biomass from OsAT10-D1 exhibits a 20% to 40% increase in saccharification yield depending on the assay. Thus, OsAt10 is an attractive target for improving grass cell wall quality for fuel and animal feed.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology

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