Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and identification of active phytochemical compounds of Scutellaria wightiana Benth. an endemic plant to peninsular India

Abstract

The present investigation focuses on Scutellaria wightiana for their phytochemical and biological activities. In this investigation, ethanolic extracts of S. wightiana was tested for their phytochemical attributes by qualitative methods such as preliminary screening, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), antioxidant, antibacterial and bioactive compound properties. The bactericidal activity of the plant extract was evaluated using both gram+ve and gram-ve bacteria by disc diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of various functional groups like alcohols, phenols, alkanes, amines, nitrogen groups and carboxylic acids. The DPPH IC50 value of ethanol extract was found to be 576.48 μg/mL and that of the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was observed 310.87 μg/mL at the concentration of 1000 μg/ml. FRAP antioxidant capacity was found to be 88.70 μmoles/mg. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract was higher for Staphylococcus aureus with 16 mm zone of inhibition. GC-MS results displayed various phytochemical constituents which are crucially acknowledged for their pharmacological activities.