Substitution of Osteoporotic Alveolar Bone by Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide Biomaterials

Abstract

Lost bone tissue due to osteoporosis makes dentistry very difficult. The aim of thisstudy is to reconstruct the bone tissue with composite biomaterials and to estimate the optical density and alveolar ridge height of the mandible. Research is conducted on 30 postmenopausal women aged from 46 to 62 years, with diagnosed osteoporosis and defects in alveolar bones caused by extraction of paradontopathic teeth, enucleation of cysts and periapical changes, extraction of impacted teeth,or by trauma.Biphasic calcium phosphate/poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (BCP/PLGA) composite is implanted into the defects of alveolar bones. Six weeks after implantation of BCP/PLGA, the alveolar bone density in the region of premolars on the experimental side of the jaw is found to be lower than that on the untreated, control, side of the jaw. On thecontrary, 24 weeks after implantation, it is significantly higher compared with the density of the control side. A significant increase in optical density of alveolar bones in the region of premolars on the experimental side compared with the control one is noticed. These results indicate a high level of osteoregeneration and osteoblast activity. Synthetic BCP/PLGA composite belongs to the group of biomaterials, which facilitate formation of new bones and rehabilitation of alveolar bones weakened by osteoporosis. Because of its osteoconductive characteristics, BCP/PLGA composite is supposed to be the material of choice for replacement of bone tissue in the future.