Assessment of mechanical and biocompatible performance of ultra-large nitinol endovascular devices fabricated via a low-energy laser joining process

Abstract

Nitinol is an excellent candidate material for developing various self-expanding endovascular devices due to its unique properties such as superelasticity, biocompatibility and shape memory effect. A low-energy laser joining technique suggests a high potential to create various large diameter Nitinol endovascular devices that contain complex geometries. The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of laser joining process parameters with regard to the mechanical and biocompatible performance of Nitinol stents. Both the chemical composition and the microstructure of the laser-welded joints were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In vitro study results on cytotoxicity demonstrated that the joining condition of 8 Hz frequency and 1 kW laser power showed the highest degree of endothelial cell viability after thermal annealing in 500°C for 30 min. Also, in vitro study results showed the highest oxygen content at 0.9 kW laser power, 8 Hz frequency, and 0.3 mm spot size after the thermal annealing. Mechanical performance test results showed that the optimal condition for the highest disconnecting force was found at 1 Hz frequency and 1 kW power with 0.6 mm spot size. Two new endovascular devices have been fabricated using the optimized laser joining parameters, which have demonstrated successful device delivery and retrieval, as well as acute biocompatibility.