Factors affecting the need of postoperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fracture

Abstract

Introduction: We investigated the risk factors that increased the frequency of blood transfusions in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures to determine blood transfusion risk before surgery and to take selective precautionary measures in the group at high risk for transfusion to ensure safe surgery. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 203 patients who underwent surgical fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures from January 2015 to December 2020. We hypothesized that patient sex, age, body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative platelet count, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), preoperative albumin level, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgery, method of anesthesia, and time from injury to surgery would affect the need for blood transfusion. Student's t-test, Chi-squared test, and the one-way analysis of variance test were used to determine whether differences between variables in the transfusion and non-transfusion groups were significant. Results: Unstable fractures ( P = 0.002), general anesthesia ( P = 0.028), lower preoperative hemoglobin levels ( P < 0.001), and lower GFRs ( P < 0.001) were identified as related to blood transfusions in univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic analysis, the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in unstable fractures was approximately 2.949 times higher than in stable fractures ( P = 0.009). The risk in general anesthesia patients was about 2.953 times higher than in spinal anesthesia patients ( P = 0.007). In addition, the need for allogeneic blood transfusion increased by about 1.293 times as preoperative hemoglobin levels decreased by 1 g/dL ( P = 0.017) and increased by about 1.017 times as the GFR decreased by 1 mL/min/1.7m2 ( P = 0.006). Conclusion: Low preoperative hemoglobin levels, low GFRs, general anesthesia, and unstable fractures in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures increased the risk of blood transfusion.