Bioactive Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Regenerative Endodontics

Author:

Bottino M.C.1,Kamocki K.1,Yassen G.H.12,Platt J.A.1,Vail M.M.3,Ehrlich Y.3,Spolnik K.J.3,Gregory R.L.4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Restorative Dentistry - Division of Dental Biomaterials

2. Department of Pediatric, Orthodontic, and Preventative Dentistry, Mosul University, School of Dentistry, Mosul, Iraq

3. Department of Endodontics

4. Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

Abstract

Here we report the synthesis, materials characterization, antimicrobial capacity, and cytocompatibility of novel antibiotic-containing scaffolds. Metronidazole (MET) or Ciprofloxacin/(CIP) was mixed with a polydioxanone (PDS)polymer solution at 5 and 25 wt% and processed into fibers. PDS fibers served as a control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile testing, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to assess fiber morphology, chemical structure, mechanical properties, and drug release, respectively. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated against those of Porphyromonas gingivalis/Pg and Enterococcus faecalis/Ef. Cytotoxicity was assessed in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Statistics were performed, and significance was set at the 5% level. SEM imaging revealed a submicron fiber diameter. FTIR confirmed antibiotic incorporation. The tensile values of hydrated 25 wt% CIP scaffold were significantly lower than those of all other groups. Analysis of HPLC data confirmed gradual, sustained drug release from the scaffolds over 48 hrs. CIP-containing scaffolds significantly ( p < .00001) inhibited biofilm growth of both bacteria. Conversely, MET-containing scaffolds inhibited only Pg growth. Agar diffusion confirmed the antimicrobial properties against specific bacteria for the antibiotic-containing scaffolds. Only the 25 wt% CIP-containing scaffolds were cytotoxic. Collectively, this study suggests that polymer-based antibiotic-containing electrospun scaffolds could function as a biologically safe antimicrobial drug delivery system for regenerative endodontics.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Dentistry

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