Controlling Blood Pressure During a Pandemic: The Impact of Telepharmacy for Primary Care Patients

Abstract

Introduction Studies have shown positive clinical outcomes in chronic conditions, such as hypertension, through pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management and medication adherence services. Given the need for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased utilization of telepharmacy strategies has been employed for managing blood pressure control. Methods A retrospective single-center cohort study that compared in-person pharmacist visits and telepharmacy visits in primary care patients with hypertension via electronic chart review from January 2018 to July 2022. Subjects were included who were at least 18 years of age with hypertension. Comparator groups were patients who underwent an in-person pharmacy (pre-COVID-19) visit vs a telepharmacy visit (post-COVID-19). The primary outcome was the number of patients with controlled blood pressure based on a blood pressure goal of less than or equal to 130/80 following telepharmacy visit vs in-person visit. Medication adherence, pharmacist intervention, incidence of antihypertensive side-effects, and blood pressure maintenance based on a goal of ≤140/90 were also evaluated. Results A total of 77 patients were included. There was no difference in the primary outcome following in person pharmacy visits compared to telepharmacy visits ( P = .690). There was also no difference found for the secondary endpoints of blood pressure goal less than or equal to 140/90 mmHg ( P = .481), medication adherence ( P = 1.00), or antihypertensive adverse events ( P = .344). Conclusion Telepharmacy visits had a nonsignificant change in blood pressure control when compared to in-person visits. Results suggest that the utilization of either in-person or telepharmacy strategies benefit the management of hypertension.