Social Statuses, Quality of Social Relationships, and Self-Esteem Among Older Adults in Canada: Resource Multiplication or Substitution?

Author:

Harmon Megan1,Bierman Alex2,Lee Yeonjung34ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

2. Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

3. Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

4. School of Social Welfare, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

This research examines how older adults’ self-esteem is shaped by core social statuses and ongoing social relationships. Based on a national survey of Canadian older adults ( N = 4010), analyses show that men have greater self-esteem than women, as do people with higher quality of social relationships and a high degree of educational attainment. Neither gender nor quality of social relationships intersect with education to shape self-esteem, but quality of social relationships is more strongly associated with self-esteem for women. Consequently, strong gender differences are observed at low levels of relationship quality, but these gender differences are negated at high levels of relationship quality. This research shows that social statuses and relationships cohere to shape self-esteem in later-life, but gender differences are not evident in the context of high-quality social relationships. Conversely, educational attainment appears to be a key determinant of high self-esteem, irrespective of gender or quality of social relationships.

Funder

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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