STIMA: Submucosal Temporary Inferior Maxillary Antrostomy: A Cadaveric Controlled Study of a Modification of the Conventional Antrostomy

Abstract

Introduction: Inferior meatal antrostomy (IMA) is a safe and easy approach to the maxillary sinus. However, studies have shown disadvantages of conventional IMA, such as disruption of mucociliary transport and injury of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). Endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) has become the standard of care for addressing various maxillary pathologies. It is more functional and physiological but offers limited exposure to certain areas of the maxillary sinus, such as the prelacrimal recess, alveolar recess, and zygomatic recess. We proposed submucosal temporary inferior maxillary antrostomy (STIMA) to improve visualization and accessibility to such difficult-to-access locations. Objectives: To describe our proposed modification, to compare the degree of visualization and ease of accessibility between MMA and STIMA. Methods: This is a descriptive cadaveric study. It was performed on 4 fresh frozen human cadavers, and 8 maxillary sinuses were used to achieve the study’s objectives. Different angled rigid nasal endoscopes and suction tubes were used to score the degree of visualization and ease of accessibility between the MMA and STIMA. Result: We demonstrated the superiority of the STIMA over the MMA in the degree of visualization and ease of accessibility in these difficult-to-access locations ( P-value was significant, <.05). We did not encounter orbital injury or injury to the NLD in our specimens. Conclusion: STIMA is a relatively easy and safe modification of conventional IMA. It improves the degree of visualization and ease of accessibility to difficult-to-access maxillary sinus locations without the potential complications of conventional IMA.