Testicular, epididymal and adnexal ultrasound: a pictorial review. Part 2: Epididymal and Adnexal ultrasound

Abstract

Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for testicular and scrotal assessment, with no risk of ionising radiation to radiosensitive tissue. Scrotal ultrasound is reliable in distinguishing between intratesticular and extratesticular lesions and characterising them as cystic or solid. High-resolution images are reproducible with the added advantage of further characterisation by using colour Doppler assessment or Valsalva manoeuvres. This pictorial review covers the anatomy of the epididymis and adnexa, and describes the ultrasound appearances of a range of extratesticular pathologies including congenital, benign, post-surgical, infective and vascular conditions collated over a two-year period at our institution.