Study on the fracture toughness and deformation micro-mechanisms of PP/EPDM/SiO2 ternary blend-nanocomposites

Abstract

A detailed fracture analysis of polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber/nano-silica (PP/EPDM/SiO2) ternary blend-nanocomposites was conducted through using both Izod impact and quasi-static fracture tests. The phase morphology and the fractured surfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Morphological observations revealed that the SiO2 nanoparticles were mainly located either around the EPDM particles or at the PP/EPDM interface. A synergistic effect was observed between the soft EPDM rubber particles and rigid SiO2 filler on activation of different toughening micro-mechanisms, so that the impact strength of the ternary systems was significantly higher than that of corresponding binary blends. This effect was much more significant for percolated morphologies. The concept of the essential work of fracture (EWF) was used to analyze the fracture behavior and toughening/deformation mechanisms of the samples. The percolated structure of the EPDM particles and the SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited superior fracture resistance under EWF fracture tests. Formation of multiple void-fibrillar structures dissipated further energy and significantly improved fracture resistance under EWF tests. It was demonstrated that the toughness and stiffness could successfully be balanced via controlling the microstructure of the ternary systems.