Evaluation of intraoperative analgesia provided by incisional lidocaine and bupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Abstract

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the intraoperative analgesic effect of preoperative infiltration of the incision site with lidocaine or a mixture of lidocaine with bupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Methods This was a prospective, randomised clinical study. Healthy female intact cats (n = 75) undergoing OHE under medetomidine–ketamine–buprenorphine anaesthesia were assigned randomly into three treatment groups (n = 25 per group) to receive one of two local anaesthesia protocols or placebo preoperatively in the midline incision: lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg (group GL) or mixture of lidocaine 1 mg/kg and bupivacaine 1 mg/kg (group GLB) or sodium chloride 0.9% (control group). Blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate, temperature, muscle tonus and pupillary reflex were registered during surgery. During recovery, the cats were observed for side effects. Postoperative analgesia was provided with meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg). Most cats were rechecked 2 weeks postoperatively to remove skin sutures. Results There was no significant difference between groups regarding breed, age, body weight, surgical time and postoperative complication rate. The majority of the cats (60%) included in the control group received a supplemental bolus of propofol during surgery, when compared with 43% and 44% of the cats included in the GL and GLB groups, respectively. Heart rate was significantly higher ( P <0.05) in the control group at the time of excision of the second ovary and the uterine body. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was stable in both treatment groups; in contrast, it tended to increase in the control group. Heart rate and MAP were similar between treatment groups. Conclusions and relevance Preoperative incisional block with only lidocaine or combined with bupivacaine seems to produce a similar intraoperative analgesia in cats undergoing OHE. Despite the similar intraoperative analgesic effect between treatment groups, the combination of lidocaine and bupivacaine reduced the required doses, and had a faster onset of action and prolonged effect.