Who Gains More? The Relationship Between Parenthood and Well-Being

Author:

Yu Quanlei1ORCID,Zhang Jie23,Zhang Lin45,Zhang Qiuying6,Guo Yafei7,Jin Shenghua8,Chen Jianwen9

Affiliation:

1. School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

2. School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics in China, Beijing, China

3. Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State in USA, Buffalo, NY, USA

4. Department of Psychology, school of health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China

5. Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

6. Department of Teaching and Learning, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

7. School of Entrepreneurship and Management, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

8. Institute of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Fuzhou University, Fujian, People’s Republic of China

9. Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Abstract

Two studies were conducted to explore the effect of parental sex on well-being due to parenthood. Study 1 analyzed the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data. The results indicated that parents were happier than their respective childless peers. However, the effect of motherhood was significantly higher than that of fatherhood. Furthermore, Study 2 analyzed the data from 354 single-child parents in China. The results showed that perceived parent–child facial resemblance moderated the sex difference in well-being. Specifically, in the high parent–child facial resemblance group, both fathers and mothers showed high levels of well-being; however, in the low parent–child facial resemblance group, the well-being level of mothers was higher than fathers. These results supported the renovated pyramid of needs and the hypothesis of paternal uncertainty.

Funder

the Research Program Funds of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Behavioral Neuroscience,General Medicine,Social Psychology

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