Modification of the inverted flap technique compared to conventional internal limiting membrane peeling in complete macular hole surgery

Abstract

Aim To describe the efficacy of a modification of the superior inverted flap technique, with maculorrhexis, in vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole (MH) surgery compared to internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM). Methods Retrospective and comparative study of patients with MH. In group A, a superior ILM flap is created to cover the macular hole, and in group B conventional ILM peeling was performed. Results A total of 80 eyes were included (44 group A and 36 group B). MH closure occurred in 100% in group A and 91.67% in group B (p = 0.0869). There were more U-type closures in group A(90.91%) than in group B(58.33%), p = 0.0017. Both groups showed Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement at 3 and 6 months. At 3 months BCVA in group A was significantly better but at 6 months results were similar. Ellipsoid layer (EZ) recovery at 6 months was achieved in 81.82% patients in group A and 52.78% in B (p = 0.005), and external limiting membrane in 81.82% in group A and 69.44% in B (p = 0.1957). Conclusions The superior inverted flap maculorrhexis technique is suitable for idiopathic MH treatment, with better anatomical and non-inferior functional results than the classic ILM peeling. It achieves functional recoveries earlier, better BCVA and greater gains at 3 months compared to the classic ILM peeling. It also obtains a higher number of U-shaped closures and higher EZ restorations.