Triamcinolone injection in the treatment of lid retraction for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: A systematic review

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives Lid retraction is one of the most common symptoms of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO), which potentially precipitates various complications, such as dry eyes, exposure keratopathy, and cosmetic concerns. Local corticosteroid injections, such as triamcinolone, have been proposed as a choice of treatment for TAO. This approach may be a favorable alternative for patients intolerant to the systemic effects of high-dose methylprednisolone. However, the efficacy of this intervention remains unestablished. Hence, our review aims to evaluate the efficacy of triamcinolone injection in reducing lid retraction. Methods This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest). This review included studies that use local triamcinolone injections for patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. The outcome of interest in this review is lid retraction parameters. Results From six studies, a total of 392 patients were included. All studies showed significant improvement in lid retraction in the patient who received triamcinolone (all p < 0.05) as shown by ΔMRD (−0.93 mm in 1 month and −1.38 mm in 3 months), ΔMLD (−1.98 mm at 6 months), and Δpalpebral fissure height (−1.68 in 1 month). The majority of studies showed rapid improvement in lid retraction in the first month of therapy. Conclusion Triamcinolone injection is an effective therapy for lid retraction related to thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.