Addition of a Buccinator Musculomucosal Flap Improves Surgical Outcomes of Conventional two-Flap Palatoplasty: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Objective The surgical outcomes of novel two-flap palatoplasty adding a buccinator musculomucosal flap were compared with those of conventional two-flap palatoplasty to clarify the effects of lengthening the nasal mucosa of the soft palate using a BMMF in cleft lip and palate or cleft palate cases. Design Retrospective, comparative study Setting Tertiary, cleft team Patients Non-syndromic patients undergoing primary cleft palate repair using two-flap palatoplasty with BMMF (BMMF group) or conventional two-flap palatoplasty (non-BMMF group) Interventions Palatoplasty between January 2012 and March 2020 Main Outcome Measures Perceptual Japanese speech evaluation, rate of an indication for additional speech surgery (AS), rate of incidence of oronasal fistula (IF) including spontaneously closing fistula, and rate of occurrence of oronasal fistula (OF) present for more than 3 months. Results Of 92 analyzed patients, 70 received two-flap palatoplasty with BMMF and 22 received two-flap palatoplasty. In the BMMF and non-BMMF groups, the respective percentage of hypernasality (no, mild) was 91.4% and 77.2%, no nasal emission was 71.4% and 63.6%, velopharyngeal function (competent, borderline competent) was 83.7% and 77.4%, intelligibility (very good, good) was 93.7% and 86.4%, AS was 1.4% and 13.6%, IF was 7.1% and 36.4%, and OF was 1.4% and 9.1%. Significant improvements were observed for AS (p  =  0.0412) and IF (p  =  0.00195) in the BMMF group, with no recorded major adverse effects. Conclusion Adding a BMMF on the nasal side of the soft palate to conventional two-flap palatoplasty significantly improved postoperative outcomes. This approach may therefore be a good option for cleft palate treatment.