Induction of Apoptosis by Cynaropicrin in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT-116 through the Mitochondria-mediated Apoptotic Pathway

Abstract

Background Colon cancer continues to be the third most commonly occurring cancer around the globe with both lifestyle-related risk factors and genetic dispositions. Owing to the increased incidence of the disease, there is a need to find new treatment options which are easily accessible and less toxic to the cells. Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene extract from the artichoke plant exhibits varied properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant among others. In the current investigation, the anti-cancer potential of the cynaropicrin extract was observed against colon cancer in HCT-116 cell lines. Materials and Methods The drug exhibited a considerable decrease in cell proliferation. Also analyzed was the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis induction by cynaropicrin on the HCT-116 cell line. The AO/EtBr staining confirmed the apoptotic induction through chromatin condensation by fluorescence microscopic examination followed by DAPI staining of the treated HCT-116 cells which showed nuclear condensation and disintegration. Results Furthermore, it was observed that cynaropicrin elevated the levels of ROS in the cells which modified the mitochondrial membrane permeability in the HCT-116 cell lines. The study also evaluated the levels of apoptotic proteins and the expression of inflammatory cytokines concerning cells treated with cynaropicrin and untreated control cells. Conclusion It has been observed that cynaropicrin treatment can lead to apoptosis in the HCT-116 cell line via mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway and if further evaluated, it can turn out to be a potent anti-cancer drug for effective management of colon cancer.