Distilling the Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Public Health Policy

Author:

Kelly Megan A.1ORCID,Puddy Richard W.1ORCID,Siddiqi Sameer M.23ORCID,Nelson Christopher45,Ntazinda Alexandra H.45,Kucik James E.16,Hall Diane17,Murray Christian T.1,Tomoaia-Cotisel Andrada45

Affiliation:

1. Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

2. RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA

3. Amazon Web Services, Amazon.com, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA

4. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA

5. Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA

6. Office of the Director, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

7. Office of Rural Health, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Abstract

Public health policy interventions are associated with many important public health achievements. To provide public health practitioners and decision makers with practical approaches for examining and employing evidence-based public health (EBPH) policy interventions, we describe the characteristics and benefits that distinguish EBPH policy interventions from programmatic interventions. These characteristics include focusing on health at a population level, focusing on upstream drivers of health, and involving less individual action than programmatic interventions. The benefits of EBPH policy interventions include more sustained effects on health than many programs and an enhanced ability to address health inequities. Early childhood education and universal preschool provide a case example that illustrates the distinction between EBPH policy and programmatic interventions. This review serves as the foundation for 3 concepts that support the effective use of public health policy interventions: applying core component thinking to understand the population health effects of EBPH policy interventions; understanding the influence of existing policies, policy supports, and the context in which a particular policy is implemented on the effectiveness of that policy; and employing a systems thinking approach to identify leverage points where policy implementation can have a meaningful effect.

Funder

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

RAND Corporation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

US Department of Health and Human Services

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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