Perfusion deficit and vessel wall characteristics to predict recurrent ischemic events in medically treated patients with chronic symptomatic anterior circulation large vessel occlusion

Abstract

Background To investigate the association between perfusion deficit, vessel wall characteristics, and risk of recurrent ischemic events in medically treated patients with chronic symptomatic anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Methods We retrospectively reviewed chronic symptomatic patients due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion in our center. All patients received multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (including perfusion-weighted imaging and high-resolution vessel wall imaging) within 4 weeks to 3 months after symptom onset. The association between baseline clinical or imaging variables and recurrent ischemic events was assessed in bivariate models and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of recurrence. Results Among 71 enrolled patients, 21.1% (15/71) patients had recurrent ischemic events (nine ischemic strokes and six transient ischemic attacks) during a 2-year follow-up. In bivariate models, hypertension, occlusion with hyperintense signals, the presence of intraluminal thrombus, Tmax >4 s volume, Tmax >6 s volume, Tmax >8 s volume, and Tmax >10 s volume were associated with recurrence (all p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, hypertension ( p = 0.039, OR 10.057 (95% CI, 1.123–90.048)), higher deficit volume of Tmax >4 s ( p = 0.011, OR 1.012 (95% CI, 1.003–1.021)) and occlusion with hyperintense signal ( p = 0.030, OR 6.732 (95% CI, 1.200–37.772)) were still independent predictors of recurrent ischemic events. Conclusions Besides hypertension history, higher deficit volume of Tmax >4 s and occlusion with hyperintense signal determined using multiparametric MRI are strongly associated with risk for recurrent ischemic events in medically treated patients with chronic symptomatic anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Future studies are needed to determine the utility of revascularization strategies in such high-risk patients.