Computed tomography-guided preoperative localization of small lung nodules with indocyanine green

Abstract

Background Small, deep-seated lung nodules and sub-solid nodules are often difficult to locate without marking. Purpose To evaluate the success and complication rates associated with the use of indocyanine green (ICG) to localize pulmonary nodules before resection. Material and Methods This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. Informed consent for performing preoperative localization using ICG marking was obtained from all patients. Thirty-seven patients (14 men, 23 women; mean age = 63.1 years; age range = 10–82 years) with small peripheral pulmonary nodules underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided ICG marking immediately before surgery between March 2007 and June 2016. The procedural details and complication rates associated with ICG marking are described. Results The average nodule size and depth were 9.1 mm (range = 2–22 mm) and 9.9 mm (range = 0–33 mm), respectively. Marking was detected at the pleural surface in 35 patients (95%). Three cases of mild pneumothorax (8%), five cases of cough (14%), and one case of mild bloody sputum (3%) with no clinical significance were noted. There were no severe complications. The average duration required to perform the marking was 19.4 min (range = 12–41 min). Conclusion Our results indicate that CT-guided ICG marking is safe and useful for detecting the location of small pulmonary nodules preoperatively.