Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome Presenting as Anemia, Hemorrhage, and Hemangiomas: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Background: Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder, that results in congenital cutaneous hemangiomas of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Although asymptomatic, the nevi present as soft, non-mobile, dark blue, compressible papules. Clinically it presents as iron deficiency anemia due to occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Case presentation: A 22-year-old female patient presented with complaints of shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitation for 2 months. On examination, she had a pale effect and widespread hemangiomas on her lips, hands, and feet. Laboratory results revealed iron deficiency anemia with hemoglobin (Hb) of 2.1 gm/dl and histopathology results of the hemangioma specimen showed angiokeratomas. Based on clinical manifestations and laboratory results, the patient was diagnosed with a case of BRBNS. The patient was transfused with red cell concentrate her symptoms improved but on the first follow-up visit her Hb again dropped to 8.6 mg/dl. Conclusion: A high suspicion of BRBNS diagnosis should be considered if a patient presents with iron deficiency anemia and multiple cutaneous hemangiomas. Further screening should be done to explore internal bleeding and hemangiomas.