FOXF2 Regulates PRUNE2 Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Background: Forkhead box F2, a member of the Forkhead box transcription factor superfamily, plays an important role in several types of cancer. However, the mechanisms of Forkhead box F2 in the progression of colorectal cancer remain unclear. PRUNE2 is closely associated with prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma. The relationship between Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Method: We investigated the effects of Forkhead box F2 upregulation on colorectal cancer cell behavior in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Nude mouse xenografts were established to investigate the effect of Forkhead box F2 upregulation on the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the Forkhead box F2 regulation of PRUNE2 transcription. A series of in vitro assays was performed in cells with Forkhead box F2 upregulation and PRUNE2 knockdown to elucidate the function and regulatory effects of Forkhead box F2 on PRUNE2 transcription in colorectal cancer. Results: Forkhead box F2 was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Forkhead box F2 overexpression significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Forkhead box F2 directly targeted PRUNE2 to promote its transcription in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, PRUNE2 mediated the Forkhead box F2-regulated proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, we demonstrated a significant positive correlation between Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 mRNA levels in colorectal cancer tissues. Conclusion: These results indicated that Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 in combination may serve as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer and that Forkhead box F2 upregulation inhibits the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by upregulating PRUNE2.