The effect of fine-particle size and extrafine particle size inhaled corticosteroid in reducing airway resistance in asthmatic patients

Abstract

Background Bronchial asthma is characterised by chronic inflammation of both large and small airways. Extra-fine formulation of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) can achieve a higher peripheral lung deposition leading to improved asthma control. We investigated the effect of extra-fine and fine particle size inhaled ICS with airway resistance and severity of symptoms in asthmatic patients. Methods Prospective interventional study of outpatient asthmatics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Subjects were grouped based on pre-existing inhalers; extra-fine and fine inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long acting beta agonist (LABA). Crossover was at week 7 and treatment regime continued for 7 weeks. Subjects were assessed at week 0, 6 and 13 using asthma control test (ACT) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and impulse oscillometry (IOS) Inhaler technique was assessed periodically. Results Thirty-four subjects were recruited. Median asthma duration was 20 years. Twenty subjects (58%) in fine ICS/LABA and 14 (42%) in extra-fine ICS/LABA group. Thirty-one subjects were analysed before crossver. There was a significant improvement of FEV1 in the extra-fine ICS/LABA group (1.7 ± 0.47 to 1.88 ± 0.5; p = 0.01). ACT score reduced significantly in extra-fine ICS/LABA group (23 ± 5 to 21 ± 4; p = 0.04) at week 0–6. Week 7–13 showed a significant improvement of ACT score (16.5 ± 3 to 20 ± 3; p = 0.01) and FEV1 (1.71 ± 0.96 to 1.81 ± 1.02: p = 0.01) in extra-fine ICS/LABA. There was no significant difference in (IOS) parameters between the groups. Conclusion There was an improvement of FEV1 and ACT score with extra-fine ICS/LABA with no benefit in airway resistance.