Prevalence and Risk Factors for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Disorders: Baseline Findings From an Human Papillomavirus Cohort Study

Author:

Saldaña-Rodríguez Paula1,Bahena-Román Margarita1,Delgado-Romero Karina2,Madrid-Marina Vicente1,Torres-Poveda Kirvis13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico

2. Centro de Atención para la Salud de la Mujer (CAPASAM) (Center for Women’s Health), Health Services of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico

3. Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico

Abstract

Background A persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical neoplasms; however, most studies have focused on risk factors associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18 only. Objectives We assessed the association of risk factors with the prevalence of HPV-16, HPV-18, and non-16/18 HR-HPV infection and with the occurrence of cervical lesions in the baseline of a cohort study of HPV persistence in a Mexican population. Methods Cross-sectional study within the baseline of a 5-year dynamic cohort study of HR-HPV persistence in women with an abnormal cytology study result from 2015 to 2021. HPV DNA was detected using the Anyplex II HPV 28 kit. Data on lifestyle, sociodemographic, and reproductive factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the association of risk factors with HR-HPV infection status and histopathologic diagnosis. Results A total of 373 women were included in the study. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 69.97%. The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes, including single and multiple infections, were HPV-53 (13.4%), HPV-16 (11.8%), HPV-58 (10.9%), HPV-31 (10.9%), and HPV-66 (10.7%). We found 90 multiple HR-HPV infection patterns, all of them with α-6 and -9 species. Significant associations of multiple HPV-16 and non-16/18 HR-HPV infections were found with marital status, number of lifetime sexual partners, and smoking history. The most prevalent genotype in CIN1 and CIN2 patients was HPV-16. No association was found between biological plausibility risk factors and cervical lesions. Conclusions The risk factors for non-16/18 HR-HPV multiple infections are no different than those linked to HPV-16 multiple infections.

Funder

Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías

Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Oncology,Hematology,General Medicine

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