The Spectrum of Pediatric Infection-Associated Intracranial Arteriopathies and Acute Ischemic Stroke at 2 Eastern Indian Tertiary Care Centres

Abstract

Introduction Major and minor pediatric infections may cause intracranial arteriopathies, the long-term outcome of which we investigated and identified the factors influencing the progression/resolution of arteriopathies. Methods We collected the clinical and radiological data of children aged 1 month–15 years who had ischemic stroke with definite arteriopathy following a recent febrile infection. Repeated neuroimaging was done over the next year to ascertain recurrent strokes and the progression and resolution of arteriopathies. Results The anterior circulation was more frequently affected (83.33%), predominantly involving the middle cerebral artery (41.67%), resolving in 20.84% of cases and progressing in 33.33% of cases. Lesions were commonly unilateral (54.17%) and stenotic (75%), resulting predominantly in cortical infarcts (45.83%), with hemiparesis being the most common neurodeficiency. Apart from tubercular meningitis patients, others had a good functional outcome. Conclusion Lower age, minor infections, and unilateral arteriopathies had a significantly higher chance of resolution. Postviral arteriopathies had a significantly lower chance of progression compared with those following bacterial infections. Progressive and bilateral arteriopathies were significantly associated with worse outcomes and recurrent strokes.