Case series: MRD negativity assessment using 11C-Acetate PET with 3-weekly daratumumab-based quadruplet induction in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Abstract

Complete response (CR) is an important favorable factor for survival in multiple myeloma (MM). However, CR patients continue to relapse, especially in the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD). Bone marrow (BM) MRD is predictive of progression-free survival (PFS) in MM. However, myeloma outside the BM aspiration site may result in subsequent relapse despite MRD-negativity. Therefore, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) based on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a complementary tool to monitor residual disease in MM. However, FDG may miss myeloma lesions that are not FDG-avid. On the other hand, 11C-Acetate (ACT) has been found to be a more sensitive and specific tracer than FDG in MM. Recently, the addition of daratumumab to bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone (VTd) or bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRd) backbone has been proven to improve outcomes. Herein, we report three newly-diagnosed MM patients achieving deep responses with imaging CR using ACT PET in addition to conventional immunofixation CR and MRD-negative CR after a 3-weekly daratumumab-based quadruplet induction regimen.