Sex differences in autoimmune disease-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Sex differences in autoimmune disease

Published:2006-11 Issue:11 Volume:15 Page:753-756
ISSN:0961-2033
Container-title:Lupus
language:en
Short-container-title:Lupus

Author:

Lockshin M D¹

Affiliation:

1. Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease; and Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York,NY 10021, USA

Abstract

Female/male ratios of autoimmune diseases range from 10: 1 to 1: 3, with similar severity between the sexes. Men and women respond similarly to the infection and to vaccination, arguing against intrinsic sex differences in immune response. In autoimmune-like illnesses caused by environmental agents sex discrepancy is explained by differences in exposure. Endogenous hormones could cause sex discrepancy if their effect is a threshold off-on switch rather than quantitatively variable. X-inactivation and imprinting could cause sex discrepancy. Other possibilities include chronobiologic differences and pregnancy and menstruation biologies in which men differ from women.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Rheumatology

Link

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0961203306069353

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