1. J.F. Holleman, Shona Customary Law (London, Oxford University Press, 1952), p. 12.
2. J. Hughes and J. van Velsen, 'The Ndebele' in The Shona and the Ndebele of S. Rhodesia ( London, International African Institute, 1955), p. 63.
3. Report of the Commission of Enquiry into Native Affairs, 1910-1911 (1911), p. 38.