Scanning Electric Conductivity Gradients with Ultrasonically-Induced Lorentz Force

Abstract

The ions in a fluid element oscillating under the effect of a sound wave in the presence of a magnetic field are submitted to Lorentz force. This gives rise to a bulk current density proportional to the medium's electric conductivity. In the present study, the integrality of this interaction current was collected using a pair of plane electrodes located on opposite sides of the sample. A focused transducer produced ultrasound bursts of 10 μs duration, 500 kHz frequency and 1.5 MPa peak pressure. The magnetic field was created by a purpose-built 0.35 T permanent magnet. Wiener inverse filtering was used to retrieve the system response from the recorded waveforms. The final signal was shown to be proportional to the gradient of σ/ρ along ultrasound propagation axis. Electric conductivity, σ, predominantly controls this parameter since mass density, ρ, does not vary in great proportions in biological media. Rectangular blocks of Agar gel and a layered bacon sample were used as models of biological media. The signals obtained in gel blocks had a longitudinal spatial resolution better than 1 mm. The successive layers of the bacon sample were clearly resolved. The advantages of this new modality for tissue characterization include the permeability of body tissue to magnetic field and ultrasound, the harmlessness of the applied fields and the improved spatial resolution in the measurement of a tissue's electric conductivity distribution.