Performance difficulties, activity limitations and participation restrictions of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Abstract

Introduction Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia is a well-recognised childhood health condition. The two terms are used interchangeably. The profile of this condition in adolescence is less well known. This study examined the performance difficulties, activity limitations and participation restrictions experience of adolescents aged 16–19 years with developmental coordination disorder and identified what health services are required and/or accessed by these individuals. Method Secondary analysis of service need and use data were analysed for 141 adolescents with a diagnosis of dyspraxia registered on an Irish national database. The experience of disability was analysed for 40 individuals who completed the optional measure of activity and participation section, including the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II. Results Adolescents experience cognitive rather than physical impairments evolving from executive functioning and social skills. These impact on participation restrictions in academic, vocational, recreation and family life areas. Adolescents required access to the specific health services of occupational therapy and psychology. The health service needs of these adolescents were not adequately met. Conclusion Adolescents with developmental coordination disorder present with a complex array of difficulties that require specific health services. Future research needs to examine effective interventions, so that health service provision and policy can reflect the needs of these individuals.