Clinical and Economic Impact of a Quality Improvement Initiative to Enhance Early Recognition and Treatment of Sepsis

Abstract

Background: Studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness of sepsis screening tools and methods to improve the time from diagnosis to antibiotic administration are needed to improve sepsis-related outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of a sepsis quality improvement initiative to improve early recognition and treatment of sepsis. Methods: A retrospective observational study of adults with sepsis was performed in a 433-bed tertiary medical center. Baseline data were collected for 181 patients with sepsis diagnosis-related group (DRG) coding assignments from July through September 2013. The intervnetion group included 216 patients from October through December 2013. A First-Dose STAT Antibiotic policy was developed, and nurses were instructed to complete an electronic sepsis screening tool once per shift. Primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included overall LOS and cost per case. Results: Nonsignificant decreases in overall LOS (7.43 ± 5.68 days vs 6.77 ± 5 days; P = 0.138) and in-hospital mortality (13.8% vs 8.8%; P = 0.113) were observed in patients with sepsis DRGs. Early recognition and treatment contributed to significant reductions in ICU LOS (5.85 ± 4.38 days vs 4.21 ± 3.64 days; P = 0.003) and total cost per case ($14 378 vs $12 311; P = 0.033). The percentage of highest disease-severity DRG coding assignments decreased from 7.9% to 0%. Conclusions: Strategies to improve early recognition and treatment of sepsis, including routine use of an electronic sepsis screening tool and implementation of a First-Dose STAT Antibiotic policy, contributed to significant reductions in ICU LOS and cost per case.