Nanomaterial-mediated Biosensors for Monitoring Glucose

Author:

Taguchi Masashige1,Ptitsyn Andre2,McLamore Eric S.1,Claussen Jonathan C.34

Affiliation:

1. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

2. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA

3. US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, Washington, DC, USA

4. College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA

Abstract

Real-time monitoring of physiological glucose transport is crucial for gaining new understanding of diabetes. Many techniques and equipment currently exist for measuring glucose, but these techniques are limited by complexity of the measurement, requirement of bulky equipment, and low temporal/spatial resolution. The development of various types of biosensors (eg, electrochemical, optical sensors) for laboratory and/or clinical applications will provide new insights into the cause(s) and possible treatments of diabetes. State-of-the-art biosensors are improved by incorporating catalytic nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrospun nanofibers, and quantum dots. These nanomaterials greatly enhance biosensor performance, namely sensitivity, response time, and limit of detection. A wide range of new biosensors that incorporate nanomaterials such as lab-on-chip and nanosensor devices are currently being developed for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing. These real-time monitoring tools represent a powerful diagnostic and monitoring tool for measuring glucose in diabetes research and point of care diagnostics. However, concerns over the possible toxicity of some nanomaterials limit the application of these devices for in vivo sensing. This review provides a general overview of the state of the art in nanomaterial-mediated biosensors for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing, and discusses some of the challenges associated with nanomaterial toxicity.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,Bioengineering,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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