Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses

Author:

Li Ci-Xiu12,Shi Mang123,Tian Jun-Hua4,Lin Xian-Dan5,Kang Yan-Jun12,Chen Liang-Jun12,Qin Xin-Cheng12,Xu Jianguo12,Holmes Edward C13,Zhang Yong-Zhen12

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China

3. Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

4. Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China

5. Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China

Abstract

Although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. Through RNA sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense RNA viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. With this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain viruses that fall basal to major virus groups, including the vertebrate-specific arenaviruses, filoviruses, hantaviruses, influenza viruses, lyssaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. We similarly documented a remarkable diversity of genome structures in arthropod viruses, including a putative circular form, that sheds new light on the evolution of genome organization. Hence, arthropods are a major reservoir of viral genetic diversity and have likely been central to viral evolution.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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