Role of cytoneme structures and extracellular vesicles in Trichomonas vaginalis parasite-parasite communication

Author:

Salas Nehuén12ORCID,Blasco Pedreros Manuela12,dos Santos Melo Tuanne3,Maguire Vanina G4,Sha Jihui5,Wohlschlegel James A5,Pereira-Neves Antonio3,de Miguel Natalia12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM

2. Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM)

3. Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife

4. Área de mejoramiento genético vegetal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA INTA)

5. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles

Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis, the etiologic agent of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. With an estimated annual prevalence of 276 million new cases, mixed infections with different parasite strains are expected. Although it is known that parasites interact with their host to enhance their own survival and transmission, evidence of mixed infections call into question the extent to which unicellular parasites communicate with each other. Here, we demonstrated that different T. vaginalis strains can communicate through the formation of cytoneme-like membranous cell connections. We showed that cytonemes formation of an adherent parasite strain (CDC1132) is affected in the presence of a different strain (G3 or B7RC2). Our findings provide evidence that this effect is contact-independent and that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are responsible, at least in part, of the communication among strains. We found that EVs isolated from G3, B7RC2, and CDC1132 strains contain a highly distinct repertoire of proteins, some of them involved in signaling and communication, among other functions. Finally, we showed that parasite adherence to host cells is affected by communication between strains as binding of adherent T. vaginalis CDC1132 strain to prostate cells is significantly higher in the presence of G3 or B7RC2 strains. We also observed that a poorly adherent parasite strain (G3) adheres more strongly to prostate cells in the presence of an adherent strain. The study of signaling, sensing, and cell communication in parasitic organisms will enhance our understanding of the basic biological characteristics of parasites, which may have important consequences in pathogenesis.

Funder

Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica

Arturo Falaschi ICGEB Fellowship

National Council of Research (CONICET) and UNSAM

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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