Patient with Diabetes Mellitus and Ocular Complications: A Brief review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia of human blood due to inadequate secretion and action of hormone insulin. Different classes of DM are Type-1, Type-2, neonatal, gestational and maturity onset of diabetes at young stage. The main pathologic cause for the DM is autoimmune destruction of β-cells and insulin deficiency due to resistance of insulin action caused by the abnormalities in metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and lipids which intern cause lack of insulin action on target tissues. Chronic stage of hyperglycaemia is associated with permanent damage, failure and dysfunction of various organs system, which includes heart, blood vessel, eyes, neurones and kidney. Long term DM may causes some health complications in patient such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and other complications like peripheral vasculopathy and ischemia of heart. In current era ocular complications associated with DM are rapid and progressive, becoming world top most cause of morbidity. This article covers brief information regarding ocular complications and vision loss in patient with DM.