Utilization of Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment- A Review

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries, and is an increasing medical burden worldwide, due to population growth and ageing. Chemotherapy, fractionated radiation, and surgical resection are the main cancer treatments. However, the effectiveness of many therapeutic choices is constrained by treatment-related adverse effects, off-target effects, and drug resistance. Additionally, conventional medicines typically are unable to eradicate cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body, making recurrence. Apart from their use in the immuno-reconstitution, the stem cells have been reported to contribute in the tissue regeneration and as delivery vehicles in the cancer treatments. Aim of this review is primarily focus on the recent developments in the use of the stem cells in the cancer treatments, then to discuss the cancer stem cells, now considered as backbone in the development of the cancer; and their role in carcinogenesis and their implications in the development of possible new cancer treatment options in future.