New Shining Stars in The Sky of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Review

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalence cancer that hits women around the world and the second cause of death among different cancer types. Breast cancer is heterogeneous and combines various subtypes and classes that makes the diagnosis and treatment a complicated issue. Thus, many efforts were done regarding discovering new biomarkers that help in early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, which lead to better outcome along with enhancing survival rate. This review aimed to gather, concisely and briefly, some of the most recent discovered genes and proteins with high potential to be used as biomarkers for breast cancer detection and prognosis. We discussed, briefly, the promising role of tissue Lipocalin 1, Cysteine protease cathepsin, Ras associated proteins 22a, 4-Heterogeneity nuclear proteins A2/B1, 6-Insulinoma associated protein 1, 7- Fizzy-related protein 1 and Facio-genital dysplasia gene 3, in addition to serum Autotaxin –Lysophosphatidic acid in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.