Abstract
Recently, miRNAs are being used as diagnostic markers for various pathological conditions. This review analyzed the main studies devoted to the role of miRNA-125 in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Members of the miRNA-125 family are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis by targeting mRNAs associated with these cellular processes. This miRNA can enhance or inhibit pathological processes such as oncogenesis, muscle abnormalities, neurological disorders, and others. Members of the miRNA-125 family also influence the development and function of immune cells and are involved in immunological defense. Research shows that the miRNA-125 family is associated with cardiac development. They also play an important role in pathophysiological conditions of the cardiovascular system. However, the same miRNA-125 family members play different roles in different pathological processes. For example, miRNA-125b overexpression in cardiomyocytes can inhibit their apoptosis and inflammatory response. However, miRNA-125b is also a regulator of cardiac fibrosis; its overexpression in cardiac fibroblasts can enhance their proliferation. Therefore, in pathological conditions, miRNA-125b excess aggravates myocardial fibrosis and remodeling, destroys the original morphological structure of the heart, disrupts neovascularization processes, and aggravates apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the damaged area. Thus, to avoid adverse reactions, the optimal dose and timing of therapeutic intervention using members of the miRNA-125 family, their inhibitors, and mimetics must be carefully determined. An expanded and accurate understanding of miRNA-125 functions in gene regulatory networks associated with cardiovascular pathology will enable the development of novel and innovative therapeutic strategies.