Clinical case of successful correction of aortic coarctation with hypoplasia of the distal aortic arch in a premature infant with very low birth weight

Abstract

Congenital heart disease is considered to be one of the most common diseases among congenital defects. Aortic coarctation belongs to the groupof common congenital heart defects. In the overwhelming majority of cases, it is combined with hypoplasia of the aortic arch and requires urgent surgical intervention. The absence of timely diagnosis of pathology and necessary therapy may lead to congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock and death. Although the results of treatment of congenital heart defects in newborns have improved significantly in recent years, children with low weight are remainedto be difficult category of patients. Prematurity and low birth weight are risk factors for increased mortality and development of recoarctation in infants who have undergone surgical correction. We represent the case of successful correction of aortic coarctation with hypoplasia of the distal aortic arch in a prematured baby with very low birth weight. The diagnosis was made prenatally. The mother was recommended to be monitored at Рerinatal Сenter, Penza, where at the 35th week, an early delivery was performed because of lack of water and intrauterine fetal development delay. The body weight at birth was 1330 grams. On the same day, the child was admitted to the Federal Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Penza, where he received the necessary surgical care. The results of dynamic observation of the patient showed the absence of recoarctation and arterial hypertension. Despite the fact that low body weight and prematurity are significant risk factors for complication and an unfavourable outcome, modern medical technologies and accumulated experience have allowed to carry out surgical correction timely and then to do successful postoperative treatment and nursing of the child with coarctation and hypoplasia of the aortic arch.