Laparoscopic access in the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism (review)

Abstract

The standard approaches in the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism are transinguinal and transscrotal, which allows achieving a high success bring the testis down to the bottom of the scrotum. However, variants of high retention of palpable cryptorchidism, in which the use of a standard set of surgical techniques for orchidofuniculolysis does not provide free descent of the testis into the scrotum without tension of the spermatic cord. The described clinical variants prompted scientists to look for alternative approaches that allow high mobilization of testicular vessels to fix the testicle in the scrotum without tension of the spermatic cord. The analysis of literature using the database eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka, RSCI, published before 1.05.2023. The search was performed by keywords: "inguinal cryptorchidism", "palpable cryptorchidism", "children", "laparoscopy". This literature review presents the results of the use of laparoscopic access in the treatment of children with palpable cryptorchidism, reflects the advantages and disadvantages of using minimally invasive surgery. Currently, there are no national clinical guidelines mentioning the possibility of using laparoscopic access in the treatment of palpable forms of cryptorchidism, however, the number of publications that have appeared in recent years on the results of using access in the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism suggests that in the foreseeable future laparoscopy will be offered for use as an effective and safe alternative to traditional transinguinal and transscrotal access or in addition to them.