Evolution of precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa. A case report

Abstract

To present the experience of long-term observation of a patient with atrophic and dysplastic measurements of the gastric mucosa, to try to analyze the correctness of treatment, dynamic observation. The analysis included the period from 2008 to 2022. 19 esophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed. A histological study was conducted according to the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment. Neoplastic changes were evaluated according to the World Health Organization classification of gastrointestinal tumors of 2019. The evolution of changes was observed under conditions of limited possibility of eradication of Helicobacter pylori due to intolerance to antibacterial drugs. During 14 years of follow-up, the endoscopic picture did not demonstrate significant changes. In each study, atrophy of the gastric mucosa was noted; in most cases no intestinal metaplasia and hyperplasia, erosion, ulcers, and neoplasms of the examined segments were detected. According to the histology, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and hyperplastic changes in the gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori were constantly present from 2008 to 2013. Unsuccessful attempts of eradication were made. In 2013 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was detected, and in 2014 local high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Due to the small-scale nature of the changes, the observation tactics were continued. In 2015, against the background of persistent intraepithelial neoplasia of an indeterminate nature, an attempt was made to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. In 2016, a regression of neoplastic changes to low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was recorded. From 2016 to 2022, there was a stabilization of inflammatory and atrophic changes. Intraepiteal neoplasia of the gastric mucosa and Helicobacter pylori did not recur. The observation is notable for the fact that for 7 years it was impossible to carry out Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. There was no negative dynamics for 5 years. In the period from 2013 to 2015, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of gastric mucosa was formed. The situation changed with the introduction of antibacterial therapy, after which neoplastic changes regressed and a stable picture was observed over the next 6 years. Despite the observations of various specialists, the availability of objective and reliable information, and the decisions made on its basis allowed to prevent the development of stomach cancer.